3.Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo K, Ely EW, Gélinas C, Dasta JF, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit.
Critical Care Medicine. 2013;
41(1):263–306.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182783b72
4.Dale CR, Kannas DA, Fan VS, Daniel SL, Deem S, Yanez ND, et al. Improved analgesia, sedation, and delirium protocol associated with decreased duration of delirium and mechanical ventilation.
Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2014;
11(3):367–74.
https://doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.201306-210oc
5.Seo Y, Lee HJ, Ha EJ, Ha TS. 2021 KSCCM clinical practice guidelines for pain, agitation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disturbance in the intensive care unit.
Acute and Critical Care. 2022;
37(1):1–25.
https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2022.00094
6.Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gélinas C, Needham DM, Slooter AJ, Pandharipande PP, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU.
Critical Care Medicine. 2018;
46(9):e825–73.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000003299
7.Baumgarten M, Poulsen I. Patients’ experiences of being mechanically ventilated in an ICU: A qualitative metasynthesis.
Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 2015;
29(2):205–14.
https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12177
8.Holm A, Dreyer P. Intensive care unit patients’ experience of being conscious during endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Nursing in Critical Care. 2017;
22(2):81–8.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12200
9.Karlsson V, Bergbom I, Forsberg A. The lived experiences of adult intensive care patients who were conscious during mechanical ventilation: A phenomenological-hermeneutic study.
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2012;
28(1):6–15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2011.11.002
10.Dimou K, Batiridou AL, Tatsis F, Georgakis S, Konstanti Z, Papathanakos G, et al. Patients’ Dreams and Unreal Experiences During Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Hospitalization.
Cureus. 2024;
16(1):e51588.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51588
11.Everingham K, Fawcett T, Walsh T. ‘Targeting'sedation: The lived experience of the intensive care nurse.
Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2014;
23(5-6):694–703.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12058
12.Mortensen CB, Kjær MB, Egerod I. Caring for non-sedated mechanically ventilated patients in ICU: A qualitative study comparing perspectives of expert and competent nurses.
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2019;
52, 35–41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2019.01.004
13.Tingsvik C, Hammarskjöld F, Mårtensson J. Patients’ lived experience of intensive care when being on mechanical ventilation during the weaning process: A hermeneutic phenomenological study.
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2018;
47, 46–53.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2018.03.004
15.Moretti F, van Vliet L, Bensing J, Deledda G, Mazzi M, Rimondini M, et al. A standardized approach to qualitative content analysis of focus group discussions from different countries.
Patient Education and Counseling. 2011;
82(3):420–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.01.005
17.Burry L, Cook D, Herridge M, Devlin JW, Fergusson D, Meade M, et al. Recall of ICU stay in patients managed with a sedation protocol or a sedation protocol with daily interruption.
Critical Care Medicine. 2015;
43(10):2180–90.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000001196
19.Frölich MA, Banks C, Ness TJ. The effect of sedation on cortical activation: A randomized study comparing the effects of sedation with midazolam, propofol, and dexmedetomidine on auditory processing.
Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2017;
124(5):1603–10.
https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000002021
20.Olsen KD, Dysvik E, Hansen BS. The meaning of family members’ presence during intensive care stay: A qualitative study.
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2009;
25(4):190–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2009.04.004
21.Karlsen MW, Heyn LG, Heggdal K. Being a patient in the intensive care unit: A narrative approach to understanding patients’ experiences of being awake and on mechanical ventilation.
International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. 2024;
19(1):2322174.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2024.2322174
23.Kjeldsen CL, Hansen MS, Jensen K, Holm A, Haahr A, Dreyer P. Patients’ experience of thirst while being conscious and mechanically ventilated in the intensive care unit.
Nursing in Critical Care. 2018;
23(2):75–81.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12277
24.Landström M, Rehn M, Frisman GH. Perceptions of registered and enrolled nurses on thirst in mechanically ventilated adult patients in intensive care units-a phenomenographic study.
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2009;
25(3):133–9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2009.03.001
25.Doi S, Nakanishi N, Kawahara Y. Impact of oral care on thirst perception and dry mouth assessments in intensive care patients: An observational study.
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2021;
66, 103073.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103073
26.Laerkner E, Egerod I, Olesen F, Hansen HP. A sense of agency: An ethnographic exploration of being awake during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit.
Internation Journal of Nursing Studies. 2017;
75, 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.06.016
27.Kyranou M, Cheta C, Pampoulou E. Communicating with mechanically ventilated patients who are awake. A qualitative study on the experience of critical care nurses in Cyprus during the COVID-19 pandemic.
PLoS One. 2022;
17(12):e0278195.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278195